Compliance by the patient is the most important factor in preventing the majority of these complications.

The most common problem is related to infrequent and improper brushing of the teeth and gums as well as the consumption of foods containing excess sugar. This can result in tooth decay, gum disease, and marking (decalcification) of the teeth. Whilst these problems can occur without orthodontic treatment, the risks are greater to individuals wearing braces.

In patients with existing periodontal disease or teeth that are already compromised, it is possible that moving the teeth may worsen an existing or incipient problem.

Some shortening of roots may occur, but it is usually of no consequence to the longevity of the affected teeth. In rare circumstances, significant shortening of roots can occur, often due to inconsistent wear of orthodontic elastics. Trauma, endocrine disorders, impactions and habits such as bruxing or nail biting can also cause root resorbtion even in people that have never had orthodontic treatment.

Bone, blood, endocrine disorders, smoking, and many prescription and non-prescription drugs can adversely influence your orthodontic treatment so it is important to let your orthodontist know what medication you are taking.

Problems may occur in the temporomandibular (TM) joints during or after orthodontic treatment causing pain or headaches. However, these problems may also occur without orthodontic treatment. Such problems should be reported promptly to the orthodontist. Generally, orthodontics is beneficial to health of the TM joints.

Due to unexpected or abnormal growth, jaw surgery may become necessary to correct the problem. When oral surgery is necessary in conjunction with orthodontics, risks and details of treatment and anaesthesia should be discussed with the Anaesthetist and Maxillo Facial and Oral Surgeon or Peridodontist.

Teeth may have tendency to change throughout life, which can adversely affect tooth and jaw positions. Causative factors include eruption of the wisdom teeth, growth and/or maturational changes, playing certain musical instruments, mouth breathing, and other oral habits. These factors may be out of the control of the orthodontist.